RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Amazon is one of the regions who have the highest rates of infection by the hepatitis B virus in the world. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological data and spatial distribution of hepatitis B cases reported between 2002 and 2012 in the Brazilian State of Rondônia. METHODS: Social and clinical data of these individuals were studied through the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), including the following variables: gender, age group, vaccination, contact with a known patient with HBV, exposure to risk factors, source of infection, and clinical status. RESULTS: There were 7,132 cases reported in Rondônia, with an average incidence rate of 42/100,000 inhabitants per year. The municipalities with the highest incidence rates were Monte Negro (187.6/100,000 inhabitants) and Ariquemes (157.2/100,000 inhabitants). The 20-39 year-old age group had the highest number of cases (n = 3,834), and 69.9% of patients were likely infected via sexual contact. Regarding the clinical disease status, most of the patients (80.7%) were in the chronic phase. CONCLUSIONS: There was a recent 402% increase in the diagnosis of hepatitis B, which is likely owing to the improvements in the public diagnostic system. This highlights the need for public policies to prevent and control the disease.
Assuntos
Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Sistemas de Informação em Saúde , Hepatite B/transmissão , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background The Amazon is one of the regions who have the highest rates of infection by the hepatitis B virus in the world. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological data and spatial distribution of hepatitis B cases reported between 2002 and 2012 in the Brazilian State of Rondônia. Methods Social and clinical data of these individuals were studied through the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), including the following variables: gender, age group, vaccination, contact with a known patient with HBV, exposure to risk factors, source of infection, and clinical status. Results There were 7,132 cases reported in Rondônia, with an average incidence rate of 42/100,000 inhabitants per year. The municipalities with the highest incidence rates were Monte Negro (187.6/100,000 inhabitants) and Ariquemes (157.2/100,000 inhabitants). The 20-39 year-old age group had the highest number of cases (n = 3,834), and 69.9% of patients were likely infected via sexual contact. Regarding the clinical disease status, most of the patients (80.7%) were in the chronic phase. Conclusions There was a recent 402% increase in the diagnosis of hepatitis B, which is likely owing to the improvements in the public diagnostic system. This highlights the need for public policies to prevent and control the disease. .
Contexto A Amazônia é uma das regiões que possui as maiores taxas de infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B do mundo. Objetivos Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar dados epidemiológicos e a distribuição espacial dos casos de hepatite B notificados no Estado de Rondônia no período de 2002 a 2012. Métodos Foram estudados dados clínicos e sociais desses indivíduos através do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: gênero, faixa etária, vacinação, contato com paciente sabidamente portador do vírus hepatite B, exposição do paciente aos fatores de risco, fonte de infecção e forma clínica. Resultados Foram notificados 7.132 casos, tendo uma incidência de 42/100.000 habitantes por ano. Os municípios que apresentaram as maiores taxas de incidência foram Monte Negro, 187,6/100.000 habitantes e Ariquemes, 157,2/100.000 habitantes. A faixa etária com maior número de casos foi de 20-39 anos (n=3.834), sendo que 69,9% dos pacientes se infectaram provavelmente por via sexual. Em relação à forma clínica da doença, a maioria dos pacientes (80,7%) se encontra na fase crônica. Conclusão Houve um aumento do diagnóstico do vírus da hepatite B da ordem de 402% nos últimos anos, seguramente pela melhora no sistema de diagnóstico da doença, sendo necessário uma maior atenção das políticas públicas de prevenção e controle da doença em função de sua elevada prevalência. .
